Book Review 007: Millionaire Booklet - Grant Cardone

One of the first books I read by Grant Cardone, was the Millionaire Booklet - a short guide on how to become super rich. In this book, Grant attempts to simplify the process of becoming a Millionaire and super rich. He is a 100% certain that there are actionable steps that an individual can take to make this happen, regardless of the current economic condition, where we live, or what we do. 

Below is a summary of Grant's story and tips for becoming a Millionaire:

Ever since he was young, Grant made a commitment to creating wealth for himself and family for generations. Although he made this commitment at sixteen, he was broke at the age of twenty-five. In order to pursue his goal of becoming a Millionaire, he began to study the principles of wealth creation and applied what worked for him and did not. Through trial and error, he increased his savings to $10,000 and then to $100,000. He became a Millionaire in his early thirties and built over five companies that produce over $100 million in sales in each year.

Where do you get your financial advice?

Grant first debunks the myth that becoming a Millionaire is not a pie in the sky dream, and that the wealthy come from all walks of life, and that the reason most people never get rich is that they never even consider it a possibility. As these people are convinced by those close to them to simply be satisfied with whatever their financial situation is.

In addition, people fundamentally do not know how to get money, fewer understand how to keep it, and almost no one knows how to multiply it. He goes on to say that, even in one of the richest countries in the world, America, 76 percent of people live paycheck to paycheck, some 50 percent of Americans have no money for retirement, and 47 percent of Americans don’t have $400 for an emergency. He disagrees with the thought of saving your way to wealth like “don’t drink Starbucks coffee, and you will save $700 a year.” Per Grant, “you can save $700 a year for the next fifty years and you won’t be rich, you’ll just be old.”

The issue that many people face is where we get our financial advice. Most of the advice we get about money is from people close to us who either don’t have money or have given up on it. Some of the people we get advice from have never even thought financial freedom possible. Grant tells us to look beyond the noise and confusion about money and look at people who have created enormous amounts of wealth. These are the people we need to study and model our financial journey

Be on offense

Getting rich is mostly a game of offense, not defense like other people may have taught. You get wealthy by creating income producing assets and increasing cash flow not by cutting coupons and saving. Taking risks today is the way to eliminate risk, but you have to take risks at the right time. The middle-class is for those who settle for just enough rather than striving for prosperity. The middle-class life is a compromise. Grant goes onto say that when we compromise our finances, we become unable to help others, as we are struggling to simply take care of ourselves.

In his book, Grant shares that the first step to becoming a millionaire is to make a decision and that requires us to lose our middle-class mind and then get our millionaire mindset. It has never been easier to get rich, but it is still impossible if we don’t change our mind. For example, most people will produce or be in contact with a million dollars in their lifetime. Meaning, if we earn $50,000 a year for twenty years, we earn one million dollars. The purpose of doing this math is to simplify the objective. “Do the math to create possibility, then create strategy.”

Below are a few ways to a million dollars:

Salary $50k x 20 years

Salary $100k x 10 years

Salary $250k x 4 years

5,000 people buy a $200 product

10,000 people buy a $100 product

1,000 people buy a $1000 product

Stay Broke

When you start increasing your income, Grant tells us to stay broke. He has a policy to never, ever have money sitting around. Once he starts increasing income, he immediately moves the surpluses to sacred accounts that are out of his reach and marked for future investments. The real benefit of this strategy was it forced him to continue to produce and out-work his earlier results. There were months when he was making more money than he has ever made and he would push the entire surplus into his sacred accounts. When he did this, Grant couldn’t pay his rent even though he was making more money than he's ever made. He was forced to negotiate with his landlord for an extension on his rent. 

This state of staying broke forced him to continue producing new revenue. As Grant saw first hand so many people have financial success, then quit doing what created their success and then go backward financially. Staying broke forced him to keep reinforcing the actions that had already proven successful. Grant's formula for success is as follows: Idea + Hard Work x Time + Discipline = Success

Save to Invest, Don’t Save to Save

Investing money is how you will get super rich. He shares how he believes the only reason to save money is to one day invest money. Most people aren’t equipped to take advantage of opportunities because they don’t have the money, they don’t have the knowledge or the courage. People don’t create wealth because they never invest enough in a deal to get a big payoff. To do this, one must have a surplus of cash and confidence. When you know it’s the right thing, he advises that we go all in, as speed is power. 

We must have complete confidence in the investment and in our previous income flows so that, if the investment takes longer to work or even fails, we still can rely on our earlier flows of income. Grant is willing to go broke and exhaust all his cash knowing he is not putting his family or those who depend on him at risk because the earlier income flows can support him. 

The poor and middle class try to replace flows of money while the rich try to supplement (add) more flows. Grant explains that creating multiple flows of income is the holy grail of creating financial freedom and true wealth. The most common mistake he sees people make when creating multiple flows of income is walking away from the current flow. The next most common mistake is moving to secondary flows that are not similar to the first and then being unable to give both proper attention.

When creating your second flow of income, Grant advises us to monitor our current flow and never abandon the first flow. For instance, if you work at a company and earn a salary, keep improving on what you do for that company and look for ways to create a second flow parallel to what you are currently doing. Do it within the company you work for during the time you are at work. To create multiple streams of income requires commitment and especially discipline in how you use your time and money.

Repeat, Reinforce and Hyperfocus

Maintain a commitment to self-improvement even though it may mean that you need to change your environment (e.g. friends and family). This doesn’t mean we need to get rid of people, but it means you need to add new people. The old friends will just fall off as they will lose interest. If you want to make it into the club of wealth, you must add new connections and that means you need to reach up, not sideways and not down. Remember that you are the average of the five people you spend the most time with.

To add new people to your circle, make a list of people in your network that are super successful, on the move, who are interested in personal growth, active in charities, who invest time to improve the quality of their lives, and are not just complaining all the time. These are the people you should surround yourself with.

Favorite Quote: “Money seems to flow to those who give it the most attention and take the most responsibility for it.”

Good Luck!

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Real Estate 016: Types of Financing Options for Rental Real Estate

In the latest real estate blog post, I discussed the importance the lender plays in your real estate team, how to find a lender, and the questions to ask when interviewing the right partner. Today I want to take a deeper dive into the different types of financing options available for rental real estate, which are: conventional mortgages, commercial, portfolio loans, and private/hard money loans. Below is a breakdown of the different types of loans:

Conventional Mortgages

Generally speaking, investors who are starting out with less than 10 properties, will most likely be seeking conventional mortgages. The reason is that these loans offer the best interest rate with long amortization (as of this writing, around 5% interest, 30 year amortization). There are other terms such as 15 year amortization, and variable interest rates that increase after a set period (e.g. 5 years), however, fixed 30-year loans are the most common type of conventional loan that allows you to maximize your leverage and cash flow.

Further, these loans are regulated by the Federal Government agencies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, large national banks, local banks, and credit unions typically all offer this program. By having a government backed loan program, financial institutions are able to sell these loans back to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac if they choose to do so for a profit. Contrarily, they can also decide to service the loan in-house and keep the mortgage on their balance sheet.

The financial institutions providing the loan will underwrite the deal per Fannie Mae and Freddie guidelines as well as their own overlays (additional requirements). The basis of underwriting the loans include the financial health of the borrower (e.g. credit score, income/debt ratio, reserves) as well as the strength of the deal (e.g. debt service coverage ratio). These loans are typically easier to find across banks and you will qualify for as long as you meet certain requirements.  

Commercial loans

If conventional loan underwriting focused on the borrower as an individual, commercial loans focus on the property itself more heavily. Commercial lenders are typically lent to business entities such as an LLC, and may be a requirement prior to close. Further, the interest rates related to commercial loans may be higher than conventional loans as they are for business purposes and considered higher risk. Furthermore, commercial lenders will place a balloon payment around 5, 7, and 10 years and reduce amortization to 15, 20, or 25 years compared to a conventional loan with no balloon payment and 30 year amortization.

As the commercial lender is focusing on the health of the property/deal in question, there are 3 areas that they generally review: 1) net operating income - used to understand the profitability of the deal 2) condition of the property (turnkey, cosmetic rehab, gut rehab) and 3) location of the property (A class, B class, warzone, etc.)

 Further differences between commercial and conventional lenders relate to the appraisal process. The appraisal the commercial lender orders has three types of approaches: Two of them are an income approach and a sales comparison approach. At times the commercial lender orders a cost approach. For the residential lender, his appraisal uses the cost approach and the sales comparison approach, with the latter being most widely used. The income approach used by the commercial lender is important because it focuses on the net income of the real estate property and its ability to “stand on its own.”

 In commercial lending, some lenders require that the borrower has experience in owning commercial property. This factor is considered as the lender views owning rental property with a commercial loan as owning a business, which requires experience to succeed and pay back the debt. The commercial lender may also review the loan to value which is the quotient of the amount of the loan divided by the value of the property. As such, an 80% Loan to value on a hundred thousand dollar property would mean that the borrower is getting an $80,000 loan. A key difference is that commercial lenders may have flexibility in borrowing down payment funds as well as financing up to 90% or 100% LTV if the deal is strong enough.

 Lastly, another key difference between a commercial real estate loan and a residential real estate loan is that commercial lenders have more strict requirements as it relates to the Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR). In short, the Debt Service Coverage Ratio looks at the property’s ability to cover payments and have margin left over. Margin is important so that the borrower will have enough cash flow to pay for unforeseen expenses – plumbing, electrical, roof, vacancy, reduction in rents, etc.

 Portfolio Loans

Portfolio loans are offered to investors by select banks and financial institutions who are willing to lend their own money and service the loan. As they are not backed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, they have more flexibility in underwriting and qualifying the borrower for the loan. Similar to commercial lenders, the portfolio lenders focus more heavily on the deal itself, the ability of the property to produce a profit and repay its debt, and the experience of the borrower. As such, if there is a strong enough deal, these portfolio lenders can lend on less down payment (5-10%) and update terms as they see fit (e.g. lower interest, longer amortization, later balloon payment). A key benefit in using a portfolio lender is the ability to obtain more loans after you have the Fannie Mae limit of 10 conventional loans per person. However, a major drawback may be that banks and financial institutions are stricter than conventional lenders and your loan request may be requested more times than not depending on the strength of the deal.

Private/Hard Money Lenders

Private lenders and Hard Money Lenders are often used interchangeably in the real estate forums and meet ups, however, I believe the key distinction is that private lenders are typically your mom and pop shop lenders whom you have a pre-existing relationship. These people can be your parents, other family members, friends, and co-workers. Hard Money Lenders, on the other hand, are sophisticated investors who purposefully pool their money, or directly lend their own money to other investors for interest and/or fee.

As it relates to the purposes and terms of these loans, they can be the same, but it differs from lender to lender based on the risk of the deal, and return these lenders would like to make on their money. For example, there are fix and flip hard money lenders who lend a minimum of 50K up to 500K for 12 months or less at 10-14% interest (based on LTV), and a $2,500 fee. Private lenders can also decide to have the same aforementioned fees, but can also decide to loan you the money at 6% interest and no fee. The beauty of private lenders is that it varies from person to person, deal to deal, so depending on your relationship, strength of the deal, and wants of the lender, you can obtain financing that is even better than conventional, commercial, portfolio, and hard money loans.

In addition to flexible terms, a huge benefits is that you can also find lenders with less paperwork requirements as their underwriting is unique. Some lenders may request documents such as W-2, tax returns, rehab budget, appraisal, inspection report, and your experience with real estate, while other lenders may give you the money simply based on reviewing the deal’s proforma. Lastly, conventional, commercial, and portfolio lenders may try to avoid properties than need extensive rehab, but a savvy investor may see potential in doing the work themselves. This creates a great opportunity for an investor to partner with a private or hard money lender to purchase the deal, fix it up, and create forced equity (appreciation) and refinance with a long-term conventional or portfolio lender.


In summary, most real estate investors will want to maximize the use of their 10 Fannie Mae conventional loans, and then seek other types of financing such as private loans, commercial, and portfolio loans. Each type of loan serves a purpose and knowing different tools will help you take down more deals, creatively, efficiently, and for maximum profit.


As always, please make sure you do your due diligence and talk to your CPA/Attorney/Financial Adviser before making any investment decision.

Good luck!

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Book Review 006: Retire Early with Real Estate - Chad Carson

When Chad Carson, the author of Retire Early with Real Estate came out with his new book, I knew I had to get a copy. I had been following his blog for a while and felt like his advice was practical and actionable. His book breaks down into five main parts which include thoughtful philosophies as well as practical strategies for retiring through rental properties. He uses a metaphor of climbing a mountain throughout the book and the importance of preparing your mind, understanding the route, preparing for the climb, taking small steps, and dominating the climb itself.

As there are tons of real estate books, podcasts, and courses out there, for the experienced investor, part 1-3 may sound redundant, however, I encourage you to renew your understanding of the basics and pick up a few golden nuggets in Chad’s book. Below is my review of his book and key takeaways:
 

Part 1 - Why Real Estate Investing

Chad explains how determining your WHY for investing in real estate is crucial before you even start preparing for this journey. As you may have read from my previous blog posts, I believe that 80% of success in anything starts with the right mindset, and when you are so sure of your WHY and have the will to succeed, you will be able to break down any barriers, roadblocks, and overcome plateaus. Otherwise, you may find yourself out of gas and giving excuses at the first sign of struggle (e.g. I don’t have money/time, I don’t know how to find deals, I don’t know if real estate works, etc.)

The first chapter in this books introduces the acronym IDEAL, which stands for - Income, Depreciation, Equity, Appreciation, Leverage, and why these 5 reasons (and many more) provide massive value for the real estate investor who is trying to create cash flow and financial freedom/early retirement.

Part 2 - Map of the Financial Mountain

In Part 2 of this book, Chad encourages the reader to set goals to understand what you’re climbing toward. Questions such as “how much wealth does one need during retirement”, “what is your retirement destination”, and “not waiting on happiness to come to you”. Chad also does a great job sharing the profiles of actual real life investors who have experienced the very topic discussed in this book to illustrate actionable steps that people took to reach their goals (similar concept to Millionaire Real Estate Investor and Millionaire Next Door). One unique trait about this part is that it challenges to people to stop and think about the climb to financial freedom before they start. A lot of people read Rich Dad Poor Dad, or attend a 3-day bootcamp on real estate investing and dive right in. Although I applaud these individuals for taking action and not forming analysis paralysis, but like the quote says, “if you don’t know where you are going, any direction will take you there”. Remember that you are the captain of your ship to retirement and you will need to be clear on the path, what retirement will look like to you, and draw out the map.

Part 3 - Preparations for the Climb

In Part 3, Chad discusses the basics of wealth building, which are the same whether you invest in real estate or anything else. He discusses how average people become “rich” such as increasing income, and reducing your expenses, for start. Further he discussed the five different wealth stages that he observed with many other investors:

  1. Survival

  2. Stability

  3. Saver

  4. Growth

  5. Withdrawal

As with any type of investing, it is important to have a solid foundation for which you build upon your portfolio. Before you start your climb you want to make sure you are in optimal physical shape. By increasing your wages and reducing your expenses, you are in much better shape to take advantage of opportunities that arise, have flexibility in taking risks, and not be riddled with obstacles before you even begin (e.g. bad credit, loan denials due to debt-to-income ratio, no money for downpayment). At the end of the day, it is a simple formula, by spending less than you earn, you will have positive cash flow. Repeat this over time, and concurrently increase your income and decrease your expenses, and the snowball effect will be exponentially great.

Part 4 - First Steps

Now that you have found your WHY, drew your financial roadmap, and prepared for your climb, it's time to take your first steps. In Part 4, Chad shares useful strategies to build wealth and reach early retirement using real estate. Chad covers different wealth building strategies such as house hacking, live-in flip, and the BRRRR strategy (buy, rehab, rent, refinance, repeat). Although these strategies will fit each reader differently according to their current marital, financial, and personal situation, you can use one or a combination of these strategies to build true wealth.

Part 5-7 - The Climb

Now that you have tools such as house hacking, live-in flip, and the BRRRR strategy in your tool belt, Chad explains tips for getting to the top of the mountain when you want to live off your income for the rest of your life. This part includes my favorite chapter of the entire book - chapter 15: The Rental Debt Snowball Plan. I personally like this chapter as it seems like a hybrid idea of popular real estate investors and Dave Ramsey (aka No Debt). Although I love the idea of using leverage (other people’s time, money, and knowledge) to build wealth, there is something called being “over leveraged.” Once you get to a certain portfolio size, I believe it is prudent to reduce risk by deleveraging your portfolio through the rental debt snowball plan. This plan explains how we can tackle the smallest (or highest interest) debt with the excess positive cash flow to reduce leverage and build a portfolio of debt-free investments that reduce impact of different market cycles for a long term buy-and-hold investor.

Another key point made in this part is the trade up plan or 1031 exchange. Section 1031 of the IRS tax code allows investors to defer the gains made on the sale of their real estate assets through a “like kind exchange” (Please consult your CPA for details on how this may impact your finances). By trading up from one rental to another you are able to lock in the gain and purchase bigger, better real estate without allowing taxes to destroy your wealth. At the end, when you kick the bucket, your heirs will be able to receive the portfolio at market value and not have to pay additional taxes on all those years of depreciation and deferred tax gains.

The last part of this book shares the importance of having backup plans to your retirement, as well as finding a retirement withdrawal plan that will last as long as you need it as well as build security around your portfolio.

Favorite Book Quote: “Real Estate is the vehicle, taking control of your money and your life is the destination.”

In conclusion, whether you are a novice, or experienced real estate investor there are themes and actionable items that provide value. As we head into 2019, I highly encourage you to read this book and reflect on your goals and build upon your current strategies for an early retirement.

Good Luck!

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